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    雅思作文評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)介紹

    時間:2022-09-09 04:11:33 推薦作文 我要投稿
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    雅思作文評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)介紹

      導(dǎo)語:了解雅思作文評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn),可以督促考生們寫出更優(yōu)秀的作文。以下是小編整理的雅思作文評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn),供各位參閱,希望對大家有所幫助。

    雅思作文評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)介紹

      Task One:

      1、task achievement

      2、coherence and cohesion

      3、 Lexical Resource

      4、 Grammatical Range and Accuracy

      Task Two:

      1、 Task Response

      2、 Coherence and Cohesion

      3、Lexical Resource

      4、 Grammatical Range and Accuracy

      TA為task achievement針對小作文而言, TR為task response,是對大作文而言的,統(tǒng)稱為任務(wù)完成,指的是寫作的審題,文章布局,論證充分性和觀點(diǎn)的深度,數(shù)據(jù)選擇與比較等。CC指的是coherence & cohesion, 寫作的統(tǒng)一性,即前后照應(yīng)和文章的連貫性以及流暢程度。LR指的是lexical resource,詞匯的變化和詞匯的使用頻率。GRA為grammatical range and accuracy, 意指句式的變化和準(zhǔn)確使用的程度。這些內(nèi)容分別對應(yīng)雅思考試 作文答題紙上的examiner's use only 里的 TA,CC,LR,GRA,TR

      不難看出,Task 1和Task 2的評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)只有第一條(任務(wù)完成情況)不同,由于Task 1考查的是圖表作文,所以要比Task 2少一項任務(wù),就是不需要有作者的立場(Position)。除此之外,兩個任務(wù)都需要有具體的內(nèi)容和合理的結(jié)構(gòu)、良好的連貫性和銜接性、豐富的詞匯資源以及語法的多樣性和準(zhǔn)確性。以下我們來結(jié)合Task 2的具體實(shí)例分析一下。

      1. 任務(wù)完成情況task response

      主要包括三個方面:內(nèi)容(content)是否切題,立場(position)是否鮮明并得到有效闡釋,結(jié)構(gòu)(structure)是否有邏輯性。

      內(nèi)容如何做到切題,關(guān)鍵在于審題時要找準(zhǔn)題目的主題(topic)以及針對該主題所提出的問題(topic questions)。一般來說,主題就是題目中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)或主句中充當(dāng)主語或賓語的名詞以及名詞短語,而問句則通常就是我們要討論的要點(diǎn),如果要點(diǎn)理解有誤或漏掉某個要點(diǎn),則都屬于沒有切題。譬如:

      With the increasing use of mobile phones, less people tend to write letters. Some people believe that writing letters will disappear completely. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

      這個題目當(dāng)中writing letters出現(xiàn)的頻率較高,且都在主句中出現(xiàn),說明它就是我們要找的主題,如果你過多描述mobile phones給我們帶來的好處就跑題了。另外,題目的寫作任務(wù)也很清楚:Do you agree that writing letters will disappear completely? 屬于“支持或反對”類的題,必須明確表達(dá)你的立場,不能既同意又不同意,同時表達(dá)你同意或不同意的理由。

      立場要做到鮮明并得到有效闡釋需要有如下幾個內(nèi)容:topic sentence(主題句),main ideas(論點(diǎn)),supporting points(論據(jù))。主題句通常放在文章的首段,開門見山地表明你的立場,主題句只能有一個。論點(diǎn)放在中間段的首句,讓讀者一目了然,論點(diǎn)應(yīng)該有兩個以上,否則論證就不充分;論據(jù)包括evidence(證據(jù))、examples(例子)等,放在論點(diǎn)后面,每個論點(diǎn)都應(yīng)該有論據(jù)作支撐,否則就會顯得論據(jù)不足。

      合理的文章結(jié)構(gòu)通常由三大部分組成,即引言(introduction)、主體(body)和結(jié)論(conclusion),寫4-5段比較合理。Introduction部分要涵蓋主題、寫作任務(wù)和主題句,主體則要包括足夠的論點(diǎn)和論據(jù),結(jié)論可以重申觀點(diǎn)、提出建議或展望未來。在這里需要提醒大家一定要認(rèn)真審題,許多考生在考試的時候沒有看清題目要求,明明題目分析優(yōu)缺點(diǎn),有些同學(xué)卻寫成了同意與否的題目,整篇文章走題,如果走題,只能取得5分以下的分?jǐn)?shù)。

      2. 連貫與銜接

      文章的連貫性主要體現(xiàn)在段落與段落之間,句子與句子之間。

      段落之間的“啟”、“承”、“轉(zhuǎn)”、“合”可通過表順序的過渡詞完成,譬如:

      表示開始:first of all, in the first place, at the very beginning, to begin with, currently, at present, for one thing等。

      表示承接:besides, further more, in addition, moreover, what’s more, meanwhile, apart from, as well as, similarly, in the same way等。

      表示轉(zhuǎn)折:however, whereas, while, on the contrary, in contrast, on the other hand等。

      表示結(jié)論:in conclusion, in brief, in short, to sum up, ultimately, overall等。

      句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系也要通過一些邏輯連詞來完成,譬如:

      表示原因:because (of ), accordingly, due to, owing to, for this reason, since, as a result, as a consequence等。

      表達(dá)觀點(diǎn):in my opinion, personally, from my viewpoint, it seems to me, it is clear to me that, as far as I am concerned

      舉例說明:for example, for instance, as follows, such as, that is to say, namely, just as, in particular等。

      表示讓步:although, in spite of, despite of, despite the fact that, regardless of等。

      建議大家可以在平日的練習(xí)中多多使用這些連詞造句,不能只認(rèn)識而不會使用,例如in spite of 和 despite這兩個詞后面只能跟短語而不能跟句子,這都是同學(xué)們在作文中常常犯的錯誤。

      3. 詞匯資源lexical resource

      詞匯的多少并不能決定文章的好壞,但用詞的精準(zhǔn)性是可以加分的。一般來說詞匯的準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)可以通過兩個方面達(dá)到,一是在用詞的難度上拔高,二是在近義詞的多種表達(dá)上提升。譬如要描述一個好人,很多同學(xué)首先想到的形容詞就是good, kind, wise, nice, clever, great, bright等詞,而這些詞往往很難出彩,因為描述太過于抽象,如果能用到諸如ambitious, tactful, eloquent, charismatic, committed之類的詞就很具體了。

      當(dāng)然,這些詞需要我們平時的日積月累,不是靠一兩天的功夫就可以運(yùn)用自如的。還有,值得提醒的是不要認(rèn)為這些詞好就過分堆積,會給考官留下華而不實(shí)的感覺,

      雅思寫作取得高分的關(guān)鍵在于靈活地運(yùn)用詞匯,多使用非常用詞匯。因此,在日常學(xué)習(xí)中,如何區(qū)別低分詞匯和高分詞匯是關(guān)鍵所在。中國考生一般來說可以比較正確的表達(dá)出自己的觀點(diǎn),但是對于詞匯和句式的使用就有些茫然了,經(jīng)常會重復(fù)使用詞匯,句式也只會用簡單句。

      舉一個例子,英語中的‘我認(rèn)為’有無數(shù)種說法,大多數(shù)中國考生只會用‘I think’ ,學(xué)術(shù)寫作中的 ‘我認(rèn)為’不能使用這個詞組,I contend, from my point of view, as far as I am concerned, I argue, I assert…這些詞匯都是學(xué)術(shù)英語中表示個人觀點(diǎn)的高分詞匯。

      4. 語法的多樣性和準(zhǔn)確性 grammatical range and accuracy

      句子的好壞主要取決于句子結(jié)構(gòu)的準(zhǔn)確性和豐富性,句子的長度和復(fù)雜性以及用語的邏輯性和正式性。

      句子結(jié)構(gòu)的準(zhǔn)確性涉及主謂一致、句子平衡性等問題,比如:The main reason for this use of informal languages are various and complicated. 這個句子不細(xì)心的同學(xué)很難發(fā)現(xiàn)它有問題,因為主語太長有時會忽視真正的主語其實(shí)是the main reason,是個單數(shù)形式,所以are 應(yīng)該改為is. 再比如:In my opinion, use mobile phones to send messages is more convenient than write letters.

      這是個很典型的錯誤,很多同學(xué)在寫作的過程當(dāng)中會誤把動詞或動詞短語當(dāng)主語用而造成句子結(jié)構(gòu)的錯誤,而只有動詞的非謂語形式才能在句中充當(dāng)主語或賓語,因此,此句正確的表達(dá)應(yīng)該是:In my opinion, using mobile phones to send messages is more convenient than writing letters.

      句子結(jié)構(gòu)的豐富性也是考官給分的一個亮點(diǎn),好的段落應(yīng)該由不同的句式組成,而不應(yīng)該是千篇一律的句子結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:I have many hobbies. For example, I like movies, I like playing basketball and football, and I like singing and dancing.

      很明顯,該句完全由“I + do”結(jié)構(gòu)組成且like使用的頻率過高,我們不妨做如下修改:I have many hobbies. Movies, for example, are my favorite and I am also fond of playing basketball and football. Sometimes when staying with my friends, I’d prefer singing and dancing rather than any other way of amusement.

      句子的長度和難度是很多考生追求的目標(biāo),其實(shí)并不需要每個句子都寫得很長很復(fù)雜,相反,如果整篇文章都是長難句,考官也會覺得很厭煩,就像一個人喜歡吃紅燒肉,如果你天天給他吃紅燒肉,他也會覺得很膩味一樣,因此最好的方法就是長短句結(jié)合。

      如何短句變長:即善用連接詞and, but, or, yet, so等。例如:Living off campus is exciting. Living off campus is more independent. I prefer the convenience of living on campus. 不難看出,這是兩種對立的觀點(diǎn),因此我們可以將其變?yōu)椋篖iving off campus is exciting and more independent, but I prefer the convenience of living on campus.

      還有比較重要的一點(diǎn)是不容忽視的,即用語的正式性和嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)性。實(shí)際上,在漢語中也有很多這樣的例子,比如我們說:“這里人真多啊!”這就是一個典型的口語化的表達(dá)方式,而如果用“人山人海”、“車水馬龍”、“摩肩接踵”等詞來形容人多就是寫作語言了。

      我們看幾個非正式用語的句子:Parents have to get kids food and other stuff. 此句中的kids和stuff就是兩個非正式用語,如變成:Parents have to provide children with food and other necessities.就正式了。

      再如:People always say competitive sports are totally cool. 此句中的cool以及這個句式都是屬于比較口語化的,應(yīng)該變?yōu)椋篒t is always said that competitive sports benefit us in several important ways.

      雅思高分作文的寫作步驟分析

      To become a proficient writer, it is important to understand that writing is a process. Whether you are writing a business letter, sending an email to a friend, or writing an essay for history class, there is a process that, when followed, will make your writing easier to understand and more enjoyable to read. The process of writing is listed below in easy to follow steps。

      要想成為一位寫作高手,清楚寫作步驟是非常重要的。不論你在寫一封商務(wù)信函,給朋友發(fā)電子郵件或是寫一篇?dú)v史課文章…… 寫作都有規(guī)律可循,如果遵循這些規(guī)律,你寫作起來將會更加得心應(yīng)手,寫的內(nèi)容也會輕松易讀。下面列出這些寫作步驟:

      Steps 步驟

      1. Choose a topic. 選題

      2. Gather information. 收集信息

      3. Record notes that are relevant to your topic. 將與主題相關(guān)的內(nèi)容作好筆記

      4. Construct sentences from your notes. 用筆記的內(nèi)容來構(gòu)造句子

      5. Disregard irrelevant sentences. 除掉無關(guān)的句子

      6. Arrange sentences in logical order. 按照邏輯順序排列句子

      7. Write sentences in paragraph format. 將句子整理成段落

      8. Check for errors and rewrite. 檢查錯誤,重新寫一次

      9. Check again for errors and rewrite again. 再次檢查錯誤和寫一次

      10. Turn in or send your document 現(xiàn)在可以上交你的作品了

      Let's examine each step more closely and see if we can discard any of the steps。

      下面讓我們再仔細(xì)檢查一下這些步驟,看是否可以再剔除一些。

      1. Choosing a topic. This step is needed regardless of what type of writing you intend to do. Even if you are just sending an email to a friend, there is a reason for sending the message. This reason is the topic of your email。

      選題。無論你打算寫什么,這都是一個必備步驟。即使你僅僅是給朋友發(fā)一封電子郵件,也必須寫得有條有理。這就是郵件的主題。

      2. Gather information. In this step you find and collect all the information that you believe you will need to complete the writing you plan to do. In certain types of writing, such as a letter to a friend, this step may take place unconsciously. In other types of writing, such as an essay for a class, this step requires time spent doing research。

      收集信息。在這一步驟中,收集到所有你認(rèn)為完成寫作所需要的信息。在一些類型的寫作中,如給朋友的書信中,這一步驟通常是下意識中完成的。在其它類型的寫作中,如課業(yè)文章中,這個步驟需要花時間作研究收集材料。

      3. Record notes that are relevant. In this step you should not worry about grammatical structure. The notes you write on your paper are just bits and pieces of information that are relevant to the topic you have chosen to write about. Like the previous step of gathering information, this step happens unconsciously in most instances of informal writing。

      將與主題相關(guān)的`內(nèi)容作好筆記。做這一步時,可以先不用顧及語法結(jié)構(gòu)。寫在紙上的筆記只是你所選擇的關(guān)于主題的只言片語的信息。就象前面的信息收集過程一樣,這個步驟在非正式的寫作中不知不覺中就能完成。

      4. Construct sentences from your notes. This step requires a little concentration and work. Make sure the sentences are grammatically correct. This is critical, even for informal writing such as email。

      用筆記的內(nèi)容來構(gòu)造句子。這一步要花些精力集中工作了。要確保寫中的句子沒有語法問題。這點(diǎn)即使對于非正式的寫作如電子郵件,也是必須的。

      5. Disregard irrelevant sentences. Make sure the sentences you keep are relevant to the topic you have chosen. Check the tutorial on relevancy for a full explanation。

      除掉無關(guān)的句子。確保選出的句子都與主題有關(guān)。

      6. Arrange your sentences in logical order. Remember, every language organizes ideas differently. What is logical in one language is usually not logical in another。

      按照邏輯順序排列句子。謹(jǐn)記每種語言都有不同的組織思維方式。在一種語言中被視為邏輯的順序到了另一種語言中通常就沒有邏輯性了。

      7. Write the sentences in paragraph format. See the tutorial on paragraphs for an explanation of paragraph formats。

      將句子整理成段落。

      8. Check for errors and rewrite. This is commonly known as editing and rewriting. This is one of the most crucial steps in the writing process, which is why I have listed it twice。

      檢查錯誤,重新寫一次。這其實(shí)是大家知道的編輯和重新整理過程。這也是寫作步驟中最關(guān)鍵的一步,這也是為什么我們將它列舉了兩次。

      9. Check again for errors and rewrite. This time you may even want to have someone else read what you have written. Sometimes other people will see mistakes that you have overlooked。

      再次檢查錯誤和寫一次。這一次你可能還需要別人來讀一讀你所寫的內(nèi)容。有時候其他人往往能看出你所忽略的問題。

      10. Turn in or send your document. Once you are certain the piece you have written is free from errors and says what you want it to say, give it to the person for whom it was written。

      寫作完畢,上交作文。如果你確信所寫的作文已經(jīng)沒有錯誤并且能夠表達(dá)你想表達(dá)的思想,那么就可以上交了。

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